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#ifndef Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H #define Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #ifdef PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN #define PyObject_CallFunction _PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT #define PyObject_CallMethod _PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT #endif /* Abstract Object Interface (many thanks to Jim Fulton) / / PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules Problem Python modules written in C that must access Python objects must do so through routines whose interfaces are described by a set of include files. Unfortunately, these routines vary according to the object accessed. To use these routines, the C programmer must check the type of the object being used and must call a routine based on the object type. For example, to access an element of a sequence, the programmer must determine whether the sequence is a list or a tuple: if(is_tupleobject(o)) e=gettupleitem(o,i) else if(is_listitem(o)) e=getlistitem(o,i) If the programmer wants to get an item from another type of object that provides sequence behavior, there is no clear way to do it correctly. The persistent programmer may peruse object.h and find that the _typeobject structure provides a means of invoking up to (currently about) 41 special operators. So, for example, a routine can get an item from any object that provides sequence behavior. However, to use this mechanism, the programmer must make their code dependent on the current Python implementation. Also, certain semantics, especially memory management semantics, may differ by the type of object being used. Unfortunately, these semantics are not clearly described in the current include files. An abstract interface providing more consistent semantics is needed. Proposal I propose the creation of a standard interface (with an associated library of routines and/or macros) for generically obtaining the services of Python objects. This proposal can be viewed as one components of a Python C interface consisting of several components. From the viewpoint of C access to Python services, we have (as suggested by Guido in off-line discussions): - "Very high level layer": two or three functions that let you exec or eval arbitrary Python code given as a string in a module whose name is given, passing C values in and getting C values out using mkvalue/getargs style format strings. This does not require the user to declare any variables of type "PyObject ". This should be enough to write a simple application that gets Python code from the user, execs it, and returns the output or errors. (Error handling must also be part of this API.) - "Abstract objects layer": which is the subject of this proposal. It has many functions operating on objects, and lest you do many things from C that you can also write in Python, without going through the Python parser. - "Concrete objects layer": This is the public type-dependent interface provided by the standard built-in types, such as floats, strings, and lists. This interface exists and is currently documented by the collection of include files provided with the Python distributions. From the point of view of Python accessing services provided by C modules: - "Python module interface": this interface consist of the basic routines used to define modules and their members. Most of the current extensions-writing guide deals with this interface. - "Built-in object interface": this is the interface that a new built-in type must provide and the mechanisms and rules that a developer of a new built-in type must use and follow. This proposal is a "first-cut" that is intended to spur discussion. See especially the lists of notes. The Python C object interface will provide four protocols: object, numeric, sequence, and mapping. Each protocol consists of a collection of related operations. If an operation that is not provided by a particular type is invoked, then a standard exception, NotImplementedError is raised with an operation name as an argument. In addition, for convenience this interface defines a set of constructors for building objects of built-in types. This is needed so new objects can be returned from C functions that otherwise treat objects generically. Memory Management For all of the functions described in this proposal, if a function retains a reference to a Python object passed as an argument, then the function will increase the reference count of the object. It is unnecessary for the caller to increase the reference count of an argument in anticipation of the object's retention. All Python objects returned from functions should be treated as new objects. Functions that return objects assume that the caller will retain a reference and the reference count of the object has already been incremented to account for this fact. A caller that does not retain a reference to an object that is returned from a function must decrement the reference count of the object (using DECREF(object)) to prevent memory leaks. Note that the behavior mentioned here is different from the current behavior for some objects (e.g. lists and tuples) when certain type-specific routines are called directly (e.g. setlistitem). The proposed abstraction layer will provide a consistent memory management interface, correcting for inconsistent behavior for some built-in types. Protocols xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/ /* Object Protocol: / / Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_Print(PyObject o, FILE fp, int flags); Print an object, o, on file, fp. Returns -1 on error. The flags argument is used to enable certain printing options. The only option currently supported is Py_Print_RAW. (What should be said about Py_Print_RAW?) / / Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject o, char attr_name); Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression: hasattr(o,attr_name). This function always succeeds. / / Implemented elsewhere: PyObject* PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject o, char attr_name); Retrieve an attributed named attr_name form object o. Returns the attribute value on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.attr_name. / / Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject o, PyObject attr_name); Returns 1 if o has the attribute attr_name, and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression: hasattr(o,attr_name). This function always succeeds. / / Implemented elsewhere: PyObject* PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject o, PyObject attr_name); Retrieve an attributed named attr_name form object o. Returns the attribute value on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.attr_name. / / Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject o, char attr_name, PyObject v); Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o, to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name=v. / /* Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject o, PyObject attr_name, PyObject v); Set the value of the attribute named attr_name, for object o, to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o.attr_name=v. / /* implemented as a macro: int PyObject_DelAttrString(PyObject o, char attr_name); Delete attribute named attr_name, for object o. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: del o.attr_name. / #define PyObject_DelAttrString(O,A) PyObject_SetAttrString((O),(A),NULL) / implemented as a macro: int PyObject_DelAttr(PyObject o, PyObject attr_name); Delete attribute named attr_name, for object o. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: del o.attr_name. / #define PyObject_DelAttr(O,A) PyObject_SetAttr((O),(A),NULL) PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Cmp(PyObject o1, PyObject o2, int result); /* Compare the values of o1 and o2 using a routine provided by o1, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by o2. The result of the comparison is returned in result. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: result=cmp(o1,o2). / / Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_Compare(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); Compare the values of o1 and o2 using a routine provided by o1, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by o2. Returns the result of the comparison on success. On error, the value returned is undefined. This is equivalent to the Python expression: cmp(o1,o2). / / Implemented elsewhere: PyObject PyObject_Repr(PyObject o); Compute the string representation of object, o. Returns the string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: repr(o). Called by the repr() built-in function and by reverse quotes. / / Implemented elsewhere: PyObject PyObject_Str(PyObject o); Compute the string representation of object, o. Returns the string representation on success, NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: str(o).) Called by the str() built-in function and by the print statement. / / Implemented elsewhere: PyObject PyObject_Unicode(PyObject o); Compute the unicode representation of object, o. Returns the unicode representation on success, NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: unistr(o).) Called by the unistr() built-in function. / / Declared elsewhere PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCallable_Check(PyObject o); Determine if the object, o, is callable. Return 1 if the object is callable and 0 otherwise. This function always succeeds. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_Call(PyObject callable_object, PyObject args, PyObject kw); /* Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with arguments and keywords arguments. The 'args' argument can not be NULL, but the 'kw' argument can be NULL. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_CallObject(PyObject callable_object, PyObject args); /* Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with arguments given by the tuple, args. If no arguments are needed, then args may be NULL. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: apply(o,args). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_CallFunction(PyObject callable_object, char format, ...); /* Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with a variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described using a mkvalue-style format string. The format may be NULL, indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: apply(o,args). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject o, char m, char format, ...); / Call the method named m of object o with a variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described by a mkvalue format string. The format may be NULL, indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.method(args). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) _PyObject_CallFunction_SizeT(PyObject callable, char format, ...); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) _PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT(PyObject o, char name, char format, ...); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(PyObject callable, ...); /* Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with a variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are provided as PyObject * values, terminated by a NULL. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: apply(o,args). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(PyObject o, PyObject m, ...); /* Call the method named m of object o with a variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are provided as PyObject * values, terminated by NULL. Returns the result of the call on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o.method(args). / / Implemented elsewhere: long PyObject_Hash(PyObject o); Compute and return the hash, hash_value, of an object, o. On failure, return -1. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: hash(o). / /* Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject o); Returns 1 if the object, o, is considered to be true, 0 if o is considered to be false and -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the Python expression: not not o / /* Implemented elsewhere: int PyObject_Not(PyObject o); Returns 0 if the object, o, is considered to be true, 1 if o is considered to be false and -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the Python expression: not o / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_Type(PyObject o); /* On success, returns a type object corresponding to the object type of object o. On failure, returns NULL. This is equivalent to the Python expression: type(o). / PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyObject_Size(PyObject o); /* Return the size of object o. If the object, o, provides both sequence and mapping protocols, the sequence size is returned. On error, -1 is returned. This is the equivalent to the Python expression: len(o). / / For DLL compatibility / #undef PyObject_Length PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyObject_Length(PyObject o); #define PyObject_Length PyObject_Size PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _PyObject_LengthHint(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t); / Guess the size of object o using len(o) or o.__length_hint__(). If neither of those return a non-negative value, then return the default value. If one of the calls fails, this function returns -1. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_GetItem(PyObject o, PyObject key); /* Return element of o corresponding to the object, key, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o[key]. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetItem(PyObject o, PyObject key, PyObject v); /* Map the object key to the value v. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o[key]=v. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_DelItemString(PyObject o, char key); / Remove the mapping for object, key, from the object o. Returns -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the Python statement: del o[key]. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_DelItem(PyObject o, PyObject key); /* Delete the mapping for key from o. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: del o[key]. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsCharBuffer(PyObject obj, const char buffer, Py_ssize_t buffer_len); /* Takes an arbitrary object which must support the (character, single segment) buffer interface and returns a pointer to a read-only memory location useable as character based input for subsequent processing. 0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and an exception set. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CheckReadBuffer(PyObject obj); /* Checks whether an arbitrary object supports the (character, single segment) buffer interface. Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsReadBuffer(PyObject obj, const void *buffer, Py_ssize_t buffer_len); /* Same as PyObject_AsCharBuffer() except that this API expects (readable, single segment) buffer interface and returns a pointer to a read-only memory location which can contain arbitrary data. 0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and an exception set. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(PyObject obj, void *buffer, Py_ssize_t buffer_len); /* Takes an arbitrary object which must support the (writeable, single segment) buffer interface and returns a pointer to a writeable memory location in buffer of size buffer_len. 0 is returned on success. buffer and buffer_len are only set in case no error occurs. Otherwise, -1 is returned and an exception set. / / new buffer API / #define PyObject_CheckBuffer(obj) \ (((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer != NULL) && \ (PyType_HasFeature((obj)->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_NEWBUFFER)) && \ ((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_buffer->bf_getbuffer != NULL)) / Return 1 if the getbuffer function is available, otherwise return 0 / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GetBuffer(PyObject obj, Py_buffer view, int flags); / This is a C-API version of the getbuffer function call. It checks to make sure object has the required function pointer and issues the call. Returns -1 and raises an error on failure and returns 0 on success / PyAPI_FUNC(void ) PyBuffer_GetPointer(Py_buffer view, Py_ssize_t indices); /* Get the memory area pointed to by the indices for the buffer given. Note that view->ndim is the assumed size of indices / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat(const char ); /* Return the implied itemsize of the data-format area from a struct-style description / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_ToContiguous(void buf, Py_buffer view, Py_ssize_t len, char fort); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_FromContiguous(Py_buffer view, void buf, Py_ssize_t len, char fort); / Copy len bytes of data from the contiguous chunk of memory pointed to by buf into the buffer exported by obj. Return 0 on success and return -1 and raise a PyBuffer_Error on error (i.e. the object does not have a buffer interface or it is not working). If fort is 'F' and the object is multi-dimensional, then the data will be copied into the array in Fortran-style (first dimension varies the fastest). If fort is 'C', then the data will be copied into the array in C-style (last dimension varies the fastest). If fort is 'A', then it does not matter and the copy will be made in whatever way is more efficient. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_CopyData(PyObject dest, PyObject src); / Copy the data from the src buffer to the buffer of destination / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_IsContiguous(Py_buffer view, char fort); PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides(int ndims, Py_ssize_t shape, Py_ssize_t strides, int itemsize, char fort); /* Fill the strides array with byte-strides of a contiguous (Fortran-style if fort is 'F' or C-style otherwise) array of the given shape with the given number of bytes per element. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyBuffer_FillInfo(Py_buffer view, PyObject o, void buf, Py_ssize_t len, int readonly, int flags); /* Fills in a buffer-info structure correctly for an exporter that can only share a contiguous chunk of memory of "unsigned bytes" of the given length. Returns 0 on success and -1 (with raising an error) on error. / PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyBuffer_Release(Py_buffer view); /* Releases a Py_buffer obtained from getbuffer ParseTuple's s. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_Format(PyObject obj, PyObject format_spec); / Takes an arbitrary object and returns the result of calling obj.__format__(format_spec). / / Iterators / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyObject_GetIter(PyObject ); / Takes an object and returns an iterator for it. This is typically a new iterator but if the argument is an iterator, this returns itself. / #define PyIter_Check(obj) \ (PyType_HasFeature((obj)->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER) && \ (obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != NULL && \ (obj)->ob_type->tp_iternext != &_PyObject_NextNotImplemented) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyIter_Next(PyObject ); / Takes an iterator object and calls its tp_iternext slot, returning the next value. If the iterator is exhausted, this returns NULL without setting an exception. NULL with an exception means an error occurred. / / Number Protocol:/ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_Check(PyObject o); /* Returns 1 if the object, o, provides numeric protocols, and false otherwise. This function always succeeds. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Add(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of adding o1 and o2, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1+o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Subtract(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1-o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Multiply(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of multiplying o1 and o2, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Divide(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); / Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1/o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_FloorDivide(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving an integral result, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1//o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_TrueDivide(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving a float result, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1/o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Remainder(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1%o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Divmod(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* See the built-in function divmod. Returns NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: divmod(o1,o2). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Power(PyObject o1, PyObject o2, PyObject o3); / See the built-in function pow. Returns NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: pow(o1,o2,o3), where o3 is optional. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Negative(PyObject o); / Returns the negation of o on success, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: -o. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Positive(PyObject o); / Returns the (what?) of o on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: +o. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Absolute(PyObject o); / Returns the absolute value of o, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: abs(o). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Invert(PyObject o); / Returns the bitwise negation of o on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: ~o. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Lshift(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2 on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 << o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Rshift(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2 on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 >> o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_And(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of bitwise and of o1 and o2 on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1&o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Xor(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the bitwise exclusive or of o1 by o2 on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1^o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Or(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of bitwise or on o1 and o2 on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1\|o2. / / Implemented elsewhere: int PyNumber_Coerce(PyObject p1, PyObject p2); This function takes the addresses of two variables of type PyObject. If the objects pointed to by p1 and p2 have the same type, increment their reference count and return 0 (success). If the objects can be converted to a common numeric type, replace p1 and p2 by their converted value (with 'new' reference counts), and return 0. If no conversion is possible, or if some other error occurs, return -1 (failure) and don't increment the reference counts. The call PyNumber_Coerce(&o1, &o2) is equivalent to the Python statement o1, o2 = coerce(o1, o2). / #define PyIndex_Check(obj) \ ((obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number != NULL && \ PyType_HasFeature((obj)->ob_type, Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INDEX) && \ (obj)->ob_type->tp_as_number->nb_index != NULL) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Index(PyObject o); /* Returns the object converted to a Python long or int or NULL with an error raised on failure. / PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyNumber_AsSsize_t(PyObject o, PyObject exc); / Returns the Integral instance converted to an int. The instance is expected to be int or long or have an __int__ method. Steals integral's reference. error_format will be used to create the TypeError if integral isn't actually an Integral instance. error_format should be a format string that can accept a char* naming integral's type. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) _PyNumber_ConvertIntegralToInt( PyObject integral, const char error_format); /* Returns the object converted to Py_ssize_t by going through PyNumber_Index first. If an overflow error occurs while converting the int-or-long to Py_ssize_t, then the second argument is the error-type to return. If it is NULL, then the overflow error is cleared and the value is clipped. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Int(PyObject o); / Returns the o converted to an integer object on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: int(o). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Long(PyObject o); / Returns the o converted to a long integer object on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: long(o). / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_Float(PyObject o); / Returns the o converted to a float object on success, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: float(o). / / In-place variants of (some of) the above number protocol functions / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceAdd(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of adding o2 to o1, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 += o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of subtracting o2 from o1, possibly in-place or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 -= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of multiplying o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 = o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceDivide(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); / Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 /= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving an integral result, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 /= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of dividing o1 by o2 giving a float result, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 /= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the remainder of dividing o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 %= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlacePower(PyObject o1, PyObject o2, PyObject o3); / Returns the result of raising o1 to the power of o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 *= o2, or pow(o1, o2, o3) if o3 is present. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceLshift(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); / Returns the result of left shifting o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 <<= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceRshift(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of right shifting o1 by o2, possibly in-place or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 >>= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceAnd(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of bitwise and of o1 and o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 &= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceXor(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the bitwise exclusive or of o1 by o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 ^= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_InPlaceOr(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Returns the result of bitwise or of o1 and o2, possibly in-place, or null on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 \|= o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyNumber_ToBase(PyObject n, int base); / Returns the integer n converted to a string with a base, with a base marker of 0b, 0o or 0x prefixed if applicable. If n is not an int object, it is converted with PyNumber_Index first. / / Sequence protocol:/ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_Check(PyObject o); /* Return 1 if the object provides sequence protocol, and zero otherwise. This function always succeeds. / PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Size(PyObject o); /* Return the size of sequence object o, or -1 on failure. / / For DLL compatibility / #undef PySequence_Length PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Length(PyObject o); #define PySequence_Length PySequence_Size PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_Concat(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); / Return the concatenation of o1 and o2 on success, and NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1+o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_Repeat(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t count); / Return the result of repeating sequence object o count times, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1count. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_GetItem(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t i); /* Return the ith element of o, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o[i]. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_GetSlice(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t i1, Py_ssize_t i2); / Return the slice of sequence object o between i1 and i2, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o[i1:i2]. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_SetItem(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t i, PyObject v); / Assign object v to the ith element of o. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement o[i]=v. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_DelItem(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t i); /* Delete the ith element of object v. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: del o[i]. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_SetSlice(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t i1, Py_ssize_t i2, PyObject v); / Assign the sequence object, v, to the slice in sequence object, o, from i1 to i2. Raise an exception and return -1 on failure; return 0 on success. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: o[i1:i2]=v. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_DelSlice(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t i1, Py_ssize_t i2); /* Delete the slice in sequence object, o, from i1 to i2. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: del o[i1:i2]. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_Tuple(PyObject o); / Returns the sequence, o, as a tuple on success, and NULL on failure. This is equivalent to the Python expression: tuple(o) / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_List(PyObject o); / Returns the sequence, o, as a list on success, and NULL on failure. This is equivalent to the Python expression: list(o) / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_Fast(PyObject o, const char m); /* Return the sequence, o, as a list, unless it's already a tuple or list. Use PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM to access the members of this list, and PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE to get its length. Returns NULL on failure. If the object does not support iteration, raises a TypeError exception with m as the message text. / #define PySequence_Fast_GET_SIZE(o) \ (PyList_Check(o) ? PyList_GET_SIZE(o) : PyTuple_GET_SIZE(o)) / Return the size of o, assuming that o was returned by PySequence_Fast and is not NULL. / #define PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM(o, i)\ (PyList_Check(o) ? PyList_GET_ITEM(o, i) : PyTuple_GET_ITEM(o, i)) / Return the ith element of o, assuming that o was returned by PySequence_Fast, and that i is within bounds. / #define PySequence_ITEM(o, i)\ ( Py_TYPE(o)->tp_as_sequence->sq_item(o, i) ) / Assume tp_as_sequence and sq_item exist and that i does not need to be corrected for a negative index / #define PySequence_Fast_ITEMS(sf) \ (PyList_Check(sf) ? ((PyListObject )(sf))->ob_item \ : ((PyTupleObject )(sf))->ob_item) / Return a pointer to the underlying item array for an object retured by PySequence_Fast / PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Count(PyObject o, PyObject value); / Return the number of occurrences on value on o, that is, return the number of keys for which o[key]==value. On failure, return -1. This is equivalent to the Python expression: o.count(value). / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_Contains(PyObject seq, PyObject ob); / Return -1 if error; 1 if ob in seq; 0 if ob not in seq. Use __contains__ if possible, else _PySequence_IterSearch(). / #define PY_ITERSEARCH_COUNT 1 #define PY_ITERSEARCH_INDEX 2 #define PY_ITERSEARCH_CONTAINS 3 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _PySequence_IterSearch(PyObject seq, PyObject obj, int operation); / Iterate over seq. Result depends on the operation: PY_ITERSEARCH_COUNT: return # of times obj appears in seq; -1 if error. PY_ITERSEARCH_INDEX: return 0-based index of first occurrence of obj in seq; set ValueError and return -1 if none found; also return -1 on error. PY_ITERSEARCH_CONTAINS: return 1 if obj in seq, else 0; -1 on error. / / For DLL-level backwards compatibility / #undef PySequence_In PyAPI_FUNC(int) PySequence_In(PyObject o, PyObject value); / For source-level backwards compatibility / #define PySequence_In PySequence_Contains / Determine if o contains value. If an item in o is equal to X, return 1, otherwise return 0. On error, return -1. This is equivalent to the Python expression: value in o. / PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PySequence_Index(PyObject o, PyObject value); / Return the first index for which o[i]=value. On error, return -1. This is equivalent to the Python expression: o.index(value). / / In-place versions of some of the above Sequence functions. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_InPlaceConcat(PyObject o1, PyObject o2); /* Append o2 to o1, in-place when possible. Return the resulting object, which could be o1, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 += o2. / PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PySequence_InPlaceRepeat(PyObject o, Py_ssize_t count); / Repeat o1 by count, in-place when possible. Return the resulting object, which could be o1, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o1 = count. / /* Mapping protocol:/ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_Check(PyObject o); /* Return 1 if the object provides mapping protocol, and zero otherwise. This function always succeeds. / PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyMapping_Size(PyObject o); /* Returns the number of keys in object o on success, and -1 on failure. For objects that do not provide sequence protocol, this is equivalent to the Python expression: len(o). / / For DLL compatibility / #undef PyMapping_Length PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyMapping_Length(PyObject o); #define PyMapping_Length PyMapping_Size /* implemented as a macro: int PyMapping_DelItemString(PyObject o, char key); Remove the mapping for object, key, from the object o. Returns -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the Python statement: del o[key]. / #define PyMapping_DelItemString(O,K) PyObject_DelItemString((O),(K)) /* implemented as a macro: int PyMapping_DelItem(PyObject o, PyObject key); Remove the mapping for object, key, from the object o. Returns -1 on failure. This is equivalent to the Python statement: del o[key]. / #define PyMapping_DelItem(O,K) PyObject_DelItem((O),(K)) PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_HasKeyString(PyObject o, char key); /* On success, return 1 if the mapping object has the key, key, and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression: o.has_key(key). This function always succeeds. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_HasKey(PyObject o, PyObject key); / Return 1 if the mapping object has the key, key, and 0 otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression: o.has_key(key). This function always succeeds. / / Implemented as macro: PyObject PyMapping_Keys(PyObject o); On success, return a list of the keys in object o. On failure, return NULL. This is equivalent to the Python expression: o.keys(). / #define PyMapping_Keys(O) PyObject_CallMethod(O,"keys",NULL) / Implemented as macro: PyObject PyMapping_Values(PyObject o); On success, return a list of the values in object o. On failure, return NULL. This is equivalent to the Python expression: o.values(). / #define PyMapping_Values(O) PyObject_CallMethod(O,"values",NULL) / Implemented as macro: PyObject PyMapping_Items(PyObject o); On success, return a list of the items in object o, where each item is a tuple containing a key-value pair. On failure, return NULL. This is equivalent to the Python expression: o.items(). / #define PyMapping_Items(O) PyObject_CallMethod(O,"items",NULL) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject ) PyMapping_GetItemString(PyObject o, char key); /* Return element of o corresponding to the object, key, or NULL on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression: o[key]. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyMapping_SetItemString(PyObject o, char key, PyObject value); /* Map the object, key, to the value, v. Returns -1 on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement: o[key]=v. / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsInstance(PyObject object, PyObject typeorclass); / isinstance(object, typeorclass) / PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsSubclass(PyObject object, PyObject typeorclass); / issubclass(object, typeorclass) / PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_RealIsInstance(PyObject inst, PyObject cls); PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyObject_RealIsSubclass(PyObject derived, PyObject cls); / For internal use by buffer API functions / PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_add_one_to_index_F(int nd, Py_ssize_t index, const Py_ssize_t shape); PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_add_one_to_index_C(int nd, Py_ssize_t index, const Py_ssize_t shape); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif / Py_ABSTRACTOBJECT_H */

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